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Every Raaga consists of Aarohanam and Avarohanam which are formed by simple combination of the 7 Swaras. It is the Raagam that brings out the emotion or bhavam of a song. Raagam or Raaga The tune of a song is basically called the Raaga. 1) Manthrasthayi – bottom most 2) Madhyasthayi – middle 3) Tharasthayi – uppermost Scale There are 3 scales in Carnatic music. Based on every individual’s voice range (the extent to which they can accurately hit a lower note as well as a higher note for a particular swaram), a pitch can be chosen. Pitch The frequency chosen for a song is called a Pitch. Shadsruthi Rishabam – R3 (G1) Suddha Gandharam – G3 (R 2) Shadsruthi Dhaivadham – D3 (N1) Suddha Nishadham – N3 (D2) The Vivadhi Swaras are denoted as follows: Suddha Rishabam – Small Rishabam (R1) Chathusruthi Rishabam – Big Rishabam (R2) Sadharana Gandharam – Small Gandharam (G1) Anthara Gandharam – Big Gandharam (G2) Suddha Madhyamam – Small Madhayamam (M1) Prathi Madhyamam – Big Madhyamam (M2) Suddha Dhaivadham – Small Dhaivadham (D1) Chathusruthi Dhaivadham – Big Dhaivadham (D2) Kaisika Nishadham – Small Nishadham (N1) Kakali Nishadham – Big Nishadham (N2) Later with the introduction of the Vivadhi Swaras the 16 notes theory came in to existence.īasics of Carnatic Music In colloquial terms the Suddha swaras can also be referred as follows: In the olden days only Suddha Swaras were used. The above mentioned equivalent Swaras will never go together in any Raaga. The remaining four Swaras namely Shadsruthi Rishabam, Suddha Gandharam, Shadsruthi Gandharam and Suddha Nishadam also called as Vivadhi Swaras (denoted with the subscript 3) occur in scales in the place of Suddha Swaras. Nishadham – Kaisika Nishadham (equivalent to Shadsruthi Dhaivadham) & Kakali Nishadham Though there are 16 notes in total usage, there are only 12 places or Swarasthanas. Dhaivadham – Suddha Dhaivadham & Chathusruthi Dhaivadham (equivalent to Suddha Nishadham) & Shadsruthi Dhaivadham 5. Madhyamam – Suddha Madhyamam & Prathi Madhyamam 4. Gandharam –Sadharana Gandharam (equivalent to Shadsruthi Rishabam), Anthara Gandharam & Suddha Gandharam 3. Rishabam – Suddha Rishabam, Chathusruthi Rishabam (equivalent to Suddha Ghandharam) & Shadsruthi Rishabam 2. Each of the Vikruthi Swaras can be categorized as follows: 1. R, G, M, D, N are all called Vikruthi Swaras (meaning they are subject to change). S – Shatjam R – Rishabam G – Gandharam M – Madhyamam P – Panchamam D – Dhaivadham N – Nishadham S & P are called Prakruthi Swaras (meaning they will never change). A swara is the musical sound of a single note. 4īasics of Carnatic Music Introduction Classical South Indian music or Carnatic music is based out of 7 basic Swaras. Basics of Carnatic Music Introduction to South Indian Classical MusicĬontents Basics of Carnatic Music.